{"id":15471,"date":"2025-01-27T12:35:47","date_gmt":"2025-01-27T12:35:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/populationmatters.org\/?p=15471"},"modified":"2025-01-28T08:22:39","modified_gmt":"2025-01-28T08:22:39","slug":"turkey-three-plus-children-for-the-economy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/populationmatters.org\/news\/2025\/01\/turkey-three-plus-children-for-the-economy\/","title":{"rendered":"Turkey: Three-plus children for the economy"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-cover alignfull is-light curved-bottom\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-cover__background has-background-dim-0 has-background-dim\" style=\"background-color:#7f7f81\"><\/span><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1773\" src=\"https:\/\/populationmatters.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/michael-jerrard-JnLp1kus3Ks-unsplash-scaled.jpg\" class=\"wp-block-cover__image-background wp-post-image\" alt=\"Turkey Flag\" data-object-fit=\"cover\" data-object-position=\"55% 43%\" style=\"object-position:55% 43%;\" srcset=\"https:\/\/populationmatters.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/michael-jerrard-JnLp1kus3Ks-unsplash-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/populationmatters.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/michael-jerrard-JnLp1kus3Ks-unsplash-300x208.jpg 300w, https:\/\/populationmatters.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/michael-jerrard-JnLp1kus3Ks-unsplash-1024x709.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/populationmatters.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/michael-jerrard-JnLp1kus3Ks-unsplash-768x532.jpg 768w, https:\/\/populationmatters.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/michael-jerrard-JnLp1kus3Ks-unsplash-1536x1064.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/populationmatters.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/michael-jerrard-JnLp1kus3Ks-unsplash-2048x1419.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/><div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-cover-is-layout-flow\"><h1 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-post-title\">Turkey: Three-plus children for the economy<\/h1><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-post-date\"><time datetime=\"2025-01-27T12:35:47+00:00\">27 January 2025<\/time><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"lead\">Our new series returns to our <em>Welcome to Gilead<\/em> campaign, exploring global restrictions on women&#8217;s reproductive rights. This edition revisits the chapter on Turkey from our 2021 <a href=\"https:\/\/populationmatters.org\/resources\/welcome-to-gilead-report\/\">Welcome to Gilead report<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>[Abortions and cesarean sections are] secret plots designed to stall Turkey\u2019s economic growth and a conspiracy to wipe the Turkish nation from the world stage.\u201d<\/p>\n<cite><strong>Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hhrjournal.org\/2019\/12\/09\/neoliberal-health-restructuring-neoconservatism-and-the-limits-of-law-erosion-of-reproductive-rights-in-turkey\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">2012<\/a><\/strong><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Economic growth<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Like China and Iran, Turkey is no stranger to using reproductive policy to control population size. Following its War of Independence in the early 20th century, Turkish leaders instituted pronatal policies in a nationalist attempt to replace war casualties. Contraception, sterilisation, and even sharing contraception information was made illegal, and abortion was codified as a crime against <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hhrjournal.org\/2019\/12\/09\/neoliberal-health-restructuring-neoconservatism-and-the-limits-of-law-erosion-of-reproductive-rights-in-turkey\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u201cracial integrity\u201d<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the 1960s, however, Turkey joined many other countries in realising that population growth was a threat to economic development and changed its tune, providing free contraception and later legalising abortion. Again, it was economic growth, not women\u2019s rights, that drove the agenda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">One or two children means bankruptcy<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The nationalist Justice and Development (AKP) party\u2019s rise to power, with President Erdo\u011fan at its helm, has revived pronatalism in Turkey. In a 2012 speech, Erdo\u011fan called abortion mass murder, equating it to a recent incident in which the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hhrjournal.org\/2019\/12\/09\/neoliberal-health-restructuring-neoconservatism-and-the-limits-of-law-erosion-of-reproductive-rights-in-turkey\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">military killed 34 of its own civilians<\/a>. He also claimed that abortions and cesarean sections are \u201csecret plots designed to stall Turkey\u2019s economic growth and a conspiracy to wipe the Turkish nation from the world stage\u201d. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"677\" src=\"https:\/\/populationmatters.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_in_Kahramanmaras_May_2023_1-1024x677.jpg\" alt=\"President Erdo\u011fan\" class=\"wp-image-15476\" srcset=\"https:\/\/populationmatters.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_in_Kahramanmaras_May_2023_1-1024x677.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/populationmatters.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_in_Kahramanmaras_May_2023_1-300x198.jpg 300w, https:\/\/populationmatters.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_in_Kahramanmaras_May_2023_1-768x508.jpg 768w, https:\/\/populationmatters.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_in_Kahramanmaras_May_2023_1.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">President Erdo\u011fan: Photo \u00a9 Orhan Erk\u0131l\u0131\u00e7<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Though the fertility rate remains above replacement rate, Erdo\u011fan erroneously believes that faster population growth will automatically expand the economy, helping achieve his goal of catapulting Turkey into the world\u2019s top ten economies. He frequently brings up Turkey\u2019s increasing average age \u2013 though it\u2019s still much younger than that of most countries in Europe \u2013 and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-pm-pushes-for-three-children-incentive-40811\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">tells women that<\/a> \u201cone or two children mean bankruptcy \u2026 At least three children are necessary in each family, because our population risks ageing\u201d.63<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Birth control = treason<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Nationalism is also at play: experts believe that AKP is concerned with the higher birth rates of the Kurdish minority, and wants to prevent demography from shifting the <a href=\"https:\/\/eurasianet.org\/turkey-whats-behind-the-akps-new-anti-abortion-agenda\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">balance of power<\/a>. The higher birth rates among Turkey\u2019s large refugee population may also be a concern for nationalists. Erdo\u011fan has told Turkish women that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2016\/jun\/06\/turkish-president-erdogan-childless-women-deficient-incomplete\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">birth control is treason<\/a>, abortion is unpatriotic, and that to serve their country, they must have at least three children. \u201cA woman who rejects motherhood, who refrains from being around the house, however successful her working life is, is deficient, is incomplete\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2016\/jun\/06\/turkish-president-erdogan-childless-women-deficient-incomplete\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">according to Erdo\u011fan<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Erdo\u011fan\u2019s calls for baby-making aren\u2019t limited to within Turkey\u2019s borders. He has also implored Turks who live abroad to have at least five children \u2013 even more than their compatriots \u2013 in order to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/three-children-not-enough-have-five-erdogan-to-turks-in-eu-110942\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u201cstake a claim\u201d<\/a> in their new countries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Confusing the issue<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>To realise its goals, AKP has repeatedly attempted to restrict abortion, either by limiting it to only the first month of pregnancy or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.guttmacher.org\/gpr\/2012\/10\/governmental-coercion-reproductive-decision-making-see-it-both-ways\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">banning it altogether<\/a>. Such harsh actions were thwarted by public opposition but succeeded in confusing people into believing abortion is now illegal in Turkey. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1773\" src=\"https:\/\/populationmatters.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/michael-jerrard-JnLp1kus3Ks-unsplash-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"Turkey Flag\" class=\"wp-image-15474\" srcset=\"https:\/\/populationmatters.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/michael-jerrard-JnLp1kus3Ks-unsplash-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/populationmatters.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/michael-jerrard-JnLp1kus3Ks-unsplash-300x208.jpg 300w, https:\/\/populationmatters.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/michael-jerrard-JnLp1kus3Ks-unsplash-1024x709.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/populationmatters.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/michael-jerrard-JnLp1kus3Ks-unsplash-768x532.jpg 768w, https:\/\/populationmatters.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/michael-jerrard-JnLp1kus3Ks-unsplash-1536x1064.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/populationmatters.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/michael-jerrard-JnLp1kus3Ks-unsplash-2048x1419.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The attempts have also encouraged doctors to refuse provision of abortion or allow it only with a husband\u2019s permission \u2013 leaving single women <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1016\/j.rhm.2016.11.002\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">without options<\/a>. The Ministry of Health, which supplies clinics with contraceptives, is inconsistent at best: in 2012,<a href=\"https:\/\/www.hhrjournal.org\/2019\/12\/09\/neoliberal-health-restructuring-neoconservatism-and-the-limits-of-law-erosion-of-reproductive-rights-in-turkey\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"> it did not purchase any contraceptives at all<\/a>. Nurses often have to watch women leave empty-handed when they come in for contraceptives, only to return a few months later, pregnant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As in the United States, neoliberal reforms have also put reproductive healthcare out of reach for many poor Turks. The government can withhold 20% of nurses\u2019 salaries if they don\u2019t meet performance measures, which crucially don\u2019t include reproductive healthcare. So, nurses often refuse to provide services like IUD insertion simply because they are pressured into <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hhrjournal.org\/2019\/12\/09\/neoliberal-health-restructuring-neoconservatism-and-the-limits-of-law-erosion-of-reproductive-rights-in-turkey\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">prioritising other healthcare<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-popmat-share\"><a class=\"fb-share\" href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/sharer\/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fpopulationmatters.org%2Fnews%2F2025%2F01%2Fturkey-three-plus-children-for-the-economy%2F\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><div><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M400 32H48A48 48 0 0 0 0 80v352a48 48 0 0 0 48 48h137.25V327.69h-63V256h63v-54.64c0-62.15 37-96.48 93.67-96.48 27.14 0 55.52 4.84 55.52 4.84v61h-31.27c-30.81 0-40.42 19.12-40.42 38.73V256h68.78l-11 71.69h-57.78V480H400a48 48 0 0 0 48-48V80a48 48 0 0 0-48-48z\"><\/path><\/svg> Share<\/div><\/a><a class=\"tw-share\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/share?url=https%3A%2F%2Fpopulationmatters.org%2Fnews%2F2025%2F01%2Fturkey-three-plus-children-for-the-economy%2F&amp;text=Turkey%3A%20Three-plus%20children%20for%20the%20economy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><div><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\"><path d=\"M459.37 151.716c.325 4.548.325 9.097.325 13.645 0 138.72-105.583 298.558-298.558 298.558-59.452 0-114.68-17.219-161.137-47.106 8.447.974 16.568 1.299 25.34 1.299 49.055 0 94.213-16.568 130.274-44.832-46.132-.975-84.792-31.188-98.112-72.772 6.498.974 12.995 1.624 19.818 1.624 9.421 0 18.843-1.3 27.614-3.573-48.081-9.747-84.143-51.98-84.143-102.985v-1.299c13.969 7.797 30.214 12.67 47.431 13.319-28.264-18.843-46.781-51.005-46.781-87.391 0-19.492 5.197-37.36 14.294-52.954 51.655 63.675 129.3 105.258 216.365 109.807-1.624-7.797-2.599-15.918-2.599-24.04 0-57.828 46.782-104.934 104.934-104.934 30.213 0 57.502 12.67 76.67 33.137 23.715-4.548 46.456-13.32 66.599-25.34-7.798 24.366-24.366 44.833-46.132 57.827 21.117-2.273 41.584-8.122 60.426-16.243-14.292 20.791-32.161 39.308-52.628 54.253z\"><\/path><\/svg> Tweet<\/div><\/a><a class=\"li-share\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/shareArticle?url=https%3A%2F%2Fpopulationmatters.org%2Fnews%2F2025%2F01%2Fturkey-three-plus-children-for-the-economy%2F&amp;text=Turkey%3A%20Three-plus%20children%20for%20the%20economy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><div><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\"><path d=\"M416 32H31.9C14.3 32 0 46.5 0 64.3v383.4C0 465.5 14.3 480 31.9 480H416c17.6 0 32-14.5 32-32.3V64.3c0-17.8-14.4-32.3-32-32.3zM135.4 416H69V202.2h66.5V416zm-33.2-243c-21.3 0-38.5-17.3-38.5-38.5S80.9 96 102.2 96c21.2 0 38.5 17.3 38.5 38.5 0 21.3-17.2 38.5-38.5 38.5zm282.1 243h-66.4V312c0-24.8-.5-56.7-34.5-56.7-34.6 0-39.9 27-39.9 54.9V416h-66.4V202.2h63.7v29.2h.9c8.9-16.8 30.6-34.5 62.9-34.5 67.2 0 79.7 44.3 79.7 101.9V416z\"><\/path><\/svg> Post<\/div><\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignfull has-light-blue-background-color has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Related content<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-popmat-grid grid grid-3\">\n\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-popmat-post-teaser\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/populationmatters.org\/resources\/welcome-to-gilead-report\/\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3>Welcome to Gilead Report<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"240\" src=\"https:\/\/populationmatters.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Gilead-logo-banner_0-768x240.jpg\" class=\"wp-image-2410\" srcset=\"https:\/\/populationmatters.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Gilead-logo-banner_0-768x240.jpg 768w, https:\/\/populationmatters.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Gilead-logo-banner_0-300x94.jpg 300w, https:\/\/populationmatters.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Gilead-logo-banner_0-1024x320.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/populationmatters.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Gilead-logo-banner_0-1536x480.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/populationmatters.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Gilead-logo-banner_0-2048x640.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/img>\n\t\t\t\t<p>Fully referenced 2021 report examining how pronatal policies are threatening reproductive rights across the world.<\/p>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-popmat-post-teaser\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/populationmatters.org\/news\/2025\/01\/what-a-second-trump-term-means-for-reproductive-rights\/\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3>What a Second Trump Term Means for Reproductive Rights<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"512\" src=\"https:\/\/populationmatters.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/jon-tyson-FgewqOVtwbY-unsplash-768x512.jpg\" class=\"wp-image-15420\" srcset=\"https:\/\/populationmatters.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/jon-tyson-FgewqOVtwbY-unsplash-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/populationmatters.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/jon-tyson-FgewqOVtwbY-unsplash-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/populationmatters.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/jon-tyson-FgewqOVtwbY-unsplash-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/populationmatters.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/jon-tyson-FgewqOVtwbY-unsplash-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/populationmatters.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/jon-tyson-FgewqOVtwbY-unsplash-2048x1365.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/img>\n\t\t\t\t<p>Today, Donald Trump is inaugurated as the 47th US President, ushering in renewed threats to reproductive rights. As part of Population Matters\u2019 Welcome to Gilead campaign, Madeleine Hewitt interviews Olivia&#8230;<\/p>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-popmat-post-teaser\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/populationmatters.org\/gilead-watch-protect-womens-rights-from-pronatal-politicians\/\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3>Gilead Watch: Protect women&#8217;s rights from pronatal politicians<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"432\" src=\"https:\/\/populationmatters.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Gilead-Watch-logo_no-text.png\" class=\"wp-image-525\" srcset=\"https:\/\/populationmatters.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Gilead-Watch-logo_no-text.png 768w, https:\/\/populationmatters.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Gilead-Watch-logo_no-text-300x169.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/img>\n\t\t\t\t<p>Politicians and others across the world want to limit people&#8217;s rights in order to boost the birth rate. Our campaign shines a light on the threat.<\/p>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Our new series returns to our Welcome to Gilead campaign, exploring global restrictions on women&#8217;s reproductive rights. This edition revisits the chapter on Turkey from our 2021 Welcome to Gilead&#8230;","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":15474,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[26],"tags":[45],"class_list":["post-15471","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","tag-womens-rights"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Turkey: Three-plus children for the economy - Population Matters<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"United States: Pro-life until birth examines the situation in the US in 2021, with women&#039;s reproductive rights being severely restricted.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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